Power Throttling Confusion

I was hoping someone could help me understand cpu power throttling.

I've got an Alienware m17r4 with a 7280 cpu; after running a few different stress tests I noticed hwinfo's power throttle flags being tripped and the clock speeds dropping (and periodically during games without any throttle flags) so I thought I'd have a fiddle around and try to understand everything a bit better and generally see if I could make the clocks stable and/or keep it in turbo boost for longer/permanently (assuming I could keep the temps below thermal throttle levels).

Through xtu I played with overclocking settings and benchmarking and found that just about anything caused power throttling. Went into bios, turned on cpu performance mode. Same thing even when increasing pl1 and pl2 in xtu. Went back to bios, went to custom overclocking, set pl1 and 2 to 100w. Back to xtu, all other settings at stock and no power limit throttling or heat problems. Then as soon as I started raising the multipliers at all it started limiting the power again, but hwinfo shows the power draw never going over a max of about 68w, which is well below the limits I set.

So basically: why is power throttling happening? Isn't the only danger to the cpu excessive heat caused by added power, and so if the temps are fine then why does it exist and why when the power draw is below the 100w limit set in the bios? How can I keep the clock speeds constantly at a specific freq? Is there a way to force turbo boost to stay on instead of fluctuating dynamically? Is it safe? Does the turbo boost power time window setting do anything, cos changing it seems to make little difference...or is that being undermined by the throttling? Am I being an idiot somehow?

On a separate note: I've got a toshiba ssd as the primary disk, it runs a little warm normally but not ridiculous (resting around mid 40's, up to mid 60's under load); however as soon as I set cpu performance mode and boot into windows it idles in the mid 60's and goes into the 80's under load, I've even managed to push it over 90 degrees.....this can't be normal right? Anyone know why?

Lots of questions, hopefully not all dumb; cheers!

 

Screenshots and clock speeds?

Now if you look at fanless Surface Pro you'll notice that power limit is used to control chassis temperature so you can use it comfortably in your arms. It will do this regardless of core temps because tolerance for chassis heat is lower for wimpy humans than machines.

The same philosophy could be built into your machine but without more numbers I'm hesitant to make a conclusion.

Yes I haven't seen computers killed by heat in ages it's always excessive power that does it.